A concentrated load acts on a relatively small area of a structure, a static uniformly distributed load doesn't create specific stress points or vary with time, a dynamic load varies with time or affects a structure that experiences a high degree of movement, an impact load is sudden and for a relatively short duration and a non-uniformly distributed load creates different stresses at different locations on a structure.

The mechanical advantage (MA) of a block and tackle pulley is equal to the number of times the effort force changes direction. An easy way to count how many times the effort force changes direction is to count the number of ropes that support the resistance which, in this problem, is 6. With a MA of 6, a 205 lbs. effort force could lift 205 lbs. x 6 = 1230 lbs. resistance.

Normal force (F_N) represents the force a surface exerts when an object presses against it.

Two or more pulleys used together constitute a block and tackle which, unlike a fixed pulley, does impart mechanical advantage as a function of the number of pulleys that make up the arrangement.  So, for example, a block and tackle with three pulleys would have a mechanical advantage of three.

If you apply the resistance to the axle and the effort to the wheel, the wheel and axle will multiply force and if you apply the resistance to the wheel and the effort to the axle, it will multiply speed.