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General Science

Generally, an atom has __________ negative electrons orbiting the nucleus as it does positive protons inside.

equal numbers of

An electron is a subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom. It carries a negative electric charge. Generally, an atom has the same number of negative electrons orbiting the nucleus as it does positive protons inside.

Mechanical Comprehension

An inclined plane increases ___________ to reduce ____________.

distance, force

An inclined plane is a simple machine that reduces the force needed to raise an object to a certain height. Work equals force x distance and, by increasing the distance that the object travels, an inclined plane reduces the force necessary to raise it to a particular height. In this case, the mechanical advantage is to make the task easier. An example of an inclined plane is a ramp.

Shop Information

You are using a hacksaw to cut a Class 8 bolt. What is the most appropriate TPI for your saw blade?

18 TPI

A Class 8 bolt is made of very hard metal and larger TPI saw blades are most appropriate for very hard metals.

Electronics Information

In metals, increasing the temperature typically _____________ conductivity.

decreases

All conductors have resistance and the amount of resistance varies with the element. Metals exhibit increased resistance (and, therefore, lower conductivity) as their temperature increases.

Mechanical Comprehension

If A = 10 ft., B = 1 ft., C = 9 ft., the green box weighs 50 lbs. and the blue box weighs 60 lbs., what does the orange box have to weigh for this lever to balance?

48.89 lbs.

In order for this lever to balance, the torque acting on each side of the fulrum must be equal. So, the torque produced by A must equal the torque produced by B and C. Torque is weight x distance from the fulcrum which means that the following must be true for the lever to balance:

f_Ad_A = f_Bd_B + f_Cd_C

For this problem, this equation becomes:

50 lbs. x 10 ft. = 60 lbs. x 1 ft. + f_C x 9 ft.

500 ft. lbs. = 60 ft. lbs. + f_C x 9 ft.

f_C = \( \frac{500 ft. lbs. - 60 ft. lbs.}{9 ft.} \) = \( \frac{440 ft. lbs.}{9 ft.} \) = 48.89 lbs.

Word Knowledge

Rail most nearly means:

upbraid

To scold in harsh language.

General Science

Scalar quantities are fully described by which of the following?

a magnitude only

Velocity and displacement are vector quantities which means each is fully described by both a magnitude and a direction. In contrast, scalar quantities are quantities that are fully described by a magnitude only. A variable indicating a vector quantity will often be shown with an arrow symbol: \(\vec{v}\)

General Science

During digestion, where is digested food absorbed into the blood stream?

small intestine

The small intestine is where most digestion takes place. As food travels along the small intestine it gets broken down completely by enzymes secreted from the walls. These enzymes are produced in the small intestine as well as in the pancreas and liver. After the enzymes break down the food, the resulting substances are then absorbed into the blood via capillaries in the small intestine walls.

Math Knowledge

Solve 3c + 2c = 9c - 9x + 8 for c in terms of x.

1\(\frac{5}{6}\)x - 1\(\frac{1}{3}\)

To solve this equation, isolate the variable for which you are solving (c) on one side of the equation and put everything else on the other side.

3c + 2x = 9c - 9x + 8
3c = 9c - 9x + 8 - 2x
3c - 9c = -9x + 8 - 2x
-6c = -11x + 8
c = \( \frac{-11x + 8}{-6} \)
c = \( \frac{-11x}{-6} \) + \( \frac{8}{-6} \)
c = 1\(\frac{5}{6}\)x - 1\(\frac{1}{3}\)

Electronics Information

All electricity is the movement of which subatomic particles?

electrons

All electricity is the movement of electrons which are subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. Electrons occupy various energy levels called shells and how well an element enables the flow of electrons depends on how many electrons occupy its outer (valence) electron shell.