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General Science

Antigens in the blood determine:

blood type

Blood is categorized into four different types (A, B, AB, and O) based on the type of antigens found on the outside of the red blood cells. Additionally, each type can be negative or positive based on whether or not the cells have an antigen called the Rh factor.

General Science

DNA is encoded through a combination of which of the following?

nucleotides

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule that contains genetic information. DNA is encoded through a combination of nucleotides that bind together in a specific double helix pattern.

Mechanical Comprehension

If A = 10 ft., B = 1 ft., C = 9 ft., the green box weighs 50 lbs. and the blue box weighs 60 lbs., what does the orange box have to weigh for this lever to balance?

48.89 lbs.

In order for this lever to balance, the torque acting on each side of the fulrum must be equal. So, the torque produced by A must equal the torque produced by B and C. Torque is weight x distance from the fulcrum which means that the following must be true for the lever to balance:

f_Ad_A = f_Bd_B + f_Cd_C

For this problem, this equation becomes:

50 lbs. x 10 ft. = 60 lbs. x 1 ft. + f_C x 9 ft.

500 ft. lbs. = 60 ft. lbs. + f_C x 9 ft.

f_C = \( \frac{500 ft. lbs. - 60 ft. lbs.}{9 ft.} \) = \( \frac{440 ft. lbs.}{9 ft.} \) = 48.89 lbs.

Word Knowledge

The words to the song are elusive, as the singer tends to mumble.

evasive

Hard to grasp.

Mechanical Comprehension

Which class of lever is used to increase force on an object in the same direction as the force is applied?

second

A second-class lever is used to increase force on an object in the same direction as the force is applied. This lever requires a smaller force to lift a larger load but the force must be applied over a greater distance. The fulcrum is placed at one end of the lever and mechanical advantage increases as the object being lifted is moved closer to the fulcrum or the length of the lever is increased. An example of a second-class lever is a wheelbarrow.

General Science

As part of digestion, the liver produces bile which breaks down:

fat

The liver produces bile which emulsifies (separates) fat.

Shop Information

Which of the following is not a type of nut?

cotter

Wrenches are used with threaded fasteners like bolts and nuts. A bolt has external threads while a nut has internal threads and this thread pattern combination allows them to lock together and act as fasteners. Nuts come in a variety of configurations including wing nuts which provide appendages that allow tightening and loosening by hand, slotted nuts that use a cotter pin to lock the nut in place and prevent it from loosening, and lock nuts that also prevent loosening via nylon in their threads. Threads are identified by pitch which is the number of threads per inch.

Math Knowledge

If the length of AB equals the length of BD, point B __________ this line segment.

bisects

A line segment is a portion of a line with a measurable length. The midpoint of a line segment is the point exactly halfway between the endpoints. The midpoint bisects (cuts in half) the line segment.

Mechanical Comprehension

If the handles of a wheelbarrow are 1.5 ft. from the wheel axle, how many pounds of force must you exert to lift the handles if it's carrying a 130 lbs. load concentrated at a point 0.5 ft. from the axle?

43.3

This problem describes a second-class lever and, for a second class lever, the effort force multiplied by the effort distance equals the resistance force multipied by the resistance distance: F_ed_e = F_rd_r. In this problem we're looking for effort force:
\( F_e = \frac{F_r d_r}{d_e} \)
\( F_e = \frac{130 \times 0.5}{1.5} \)
\( F_e = \frac{65.0}{1.5} \)
\( F_e = 43.3 \)

Word Knowledge

Appalling most nearly means:

dreadful

Inspiring dismay or disgust.