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General Science

Which part of the respiratory system helps protect against infection?

pharynx

After air enters through the nose, it passes through the nasal cavity which filters, moistens, and warms it. Further filtering takes place in the pharynx, which also helps protect against infection, and then in the trachea which is just past the epiglottis, responsible for preventing food from entering the airway.

Word Knowledge

Scamper most nearly means:

dash

To run quickly.

General Science

Which of the following is the narrowest classification of life?

species

The narrowest classification of life, species, contains organisms that are so similar that they can only reproduce with others of the same species.

General Science

What is a major difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

one controls voluntary activity, one controls involuntary activity

Both are part of the peripheral nervous system. The somatic nervous system sends sensory information to the central nervous system and controls voluntary actions while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary activity in the heart, stomach, and intestines.

Word Knowledge

Refurbish most nearly means:

renovate

To brighten or freshen.

Mechanical Comprehension

If this lever is in equilibrium with an effort force of 10.0 ft. lb. at the blue arrow and a resistance force of 3 ft. lb. at the green box, what is its mechanical advantage?

0.3

Mechanical advantage (MA) is the ratio by which effort force relates to resistance force. If both forces are known, calculating MA is simply a matter of dividing resistance force by effort force:

MA = \( \frac{F_r}{F_e} \) = \( \frac{3 ft.}{10.0 ft.} \) = 0.3

In this case, the mechanical advantage is less than one meaning that each unit of effort force results in just 0.3 units of resistance force. However, a third class lever like this isn't designed to multiply force like a first class lever. A third class lever is designed to multiply distance and speed at the resistance by sacrificing force at the resistance. Different lever styles have different purposes and multiply forces in different ways.

Word Knowledge

Clarence, an irrepressible comic, was held after cass for his buffoonery.

jocularity

Foolish behavior.

Word Knowledge

The gargantuan monster towered over the ten–story bulding.

enormous

Gigantic.

Mechanical Comprehension

Connected gears of different numbers of teeth are used together to change which of the following charasteristics of the input force?

torque

Connected gears of different numbers of teeth are used together to change the rotational speed and torque of the input force. If the smaller gear drives the larger gear, the speed of rotation will be reduced and the torque will increase. If the larger gear drives the smaller gear, the speed of rotation will increase and the torque will be reduced.

Mechanical Comprehension

On Earth, acceleration due to gravity (g) is approximately __________.

9.8 m/s²

Newton's Law of Univeral Gravitation defines the general formula for the attraction of gravity between two objects: \(\vec{F_{g}} = { Gm_{1}m_{2} \over r^2}\) . In the specific case of an object falling toward Earth, the acceleration due to gravity (g) is approximately 9.8 m/s².