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Sample Practice Test Questions

General Science

Which of blood component carries oxygen?

red blood cells

Blood is created in bone marrow and is made up of cells suspended in liquid plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and platelets are cell fragments that allow blood to clot.

Mechanical Comprehension

Normal force is generally equal to the __________ of an object.

weight

Normal force arises on a flat horizontal surface in response to an object's weight pressing it down. Consequently, normal force is generally equal to the object's weight.

Mechanical Comprehension
0.88 If the green box is 8 ft. from the fulcrum and a certain force applied 7 ft. from the fulcrum at the blue arrow balances the lever, what is the mechanical advantage?
0.88

Because this lever is in equilibrium, we know that the effort force at the blue arrow is equal to the resistance weight of the green box. For a lever that's in equilibrium, one method of calculating mechanical advantage (MA) is to divide the length of the effort arm (Ea) by the length of the resistance arm (Ra):

MA = \( \frac{E_a}{R_a} \) = \( \frac{7 ft.}{8 ft.} \) = 0.88

When a lever is in equilibrium, the torque from the effort and the resistance are equal. The equation for equilibrium is Rada = Rbdb where a and b are the two points at which effort/resistance is being applied to the lever.

In this problem, Ra and Rb are such that the lever is in equilibrium meaning that some multiple of the weight of the green box is being applied at the blue arrow. For a lever, this multiple is a function of the ratio of the distances of the box and the arrow from the fulcrum. That's why, for a lever in equilibrium, only the distances from the fulcrum are necessary to calculate mechanical advantage.

If the lever were not in equilibrium, you would first have to calculate the forces and distances necessary to put it in equilibrium and then divide Ea by Ra to get the mechanical advantage.

Shop Information

Measuring tools provide a convenient and easy way to compare object dimensions against:

a standard

Measuring tools give easy access to the wide variety of standard dimensions that are used to categorize and classify objects.

Word Knowledge
Discern most nearly means:
detect
To recognize as separate as distinct.
Shop Information

Which of the following is used in metal work for shaping metal?

ball peen hammer

Ball peen hammers are most commonly used in automotive repair. They have rounded heads and are used to drive punches and chisels.

Shop Information
vernier caliper

This tool is a(n) __________.

vernier caliper

Calipers are similar to micrometers in shape but instead of measuring distances, calipers are used to transfer distances between objects. An outside caliper is used to transfer outside dimensions while an inside caliper is used to transfer inside distances. A vernier caliper is an extremely precise caliper (down to \({1 \over 1000}\) inch) that allows measuring / transferring either inside or outside dimensions.

Automotive Information

The two major types of vehicle braking systems are:

drum and disc

Brakes utlize friction to slow vehicle tires. Drum brakes employ a cast iron drum that roates with the vehicle axle. When hydraulic pressure is applied to the brake assemblies at the wheels, internal pistons expand and push brake shoes outward into contact with the brake drum slowing the rotation of the axle. More powerful disc brakes operate by pinching a rotating disc betweeen two brake pads and allow for a larger surface area to contact the disc, provide more force, and are more easily cooled.

Electronics Information

A transistor works by allowing a small amount of current to control general current flow. Where is the small amount of current applied?

base

The transistor is the foundation of modern electronic devices. It is made entirely from semiconductor material (making it a solid state device) and can serve many different functions in a circuit including acting as a switch, amplifier, or current regulator. A transistor works by allowing a small amount of current applied at the base to control general current flow from collector to emitter through the transistor.

Automotive Information

What is the name of the proper ratio of air to fuel necessary so that an engine burns all fuel with no excess air?

stoichiometric ratio

The stoichiometric ratio defines the proper ratio of air to fuel necessary so that an engine burns all fuel with no excess air. For gasoline fuel, the stoichiometric ratio is about 14.7:1 or for every one gram of fuel, 14.7 grams of air are required. Too much air results in a lean air-fuel mixture that burns more slowly and hotter while too much fuel results in a rich mixture that burns quicker and cooler.