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Sample Practice Test Questions
If the green box weighs 55 lbs. and is 3 ft. from the fulcrum, how far from the fulcrum would a 70 lbs. weight need to be placed to balance the lever?
To balance this lever the torques on each side of the fulcrum must be equal. Torque is weight x distance from the fulcrum so the equation for equilibrium is:
Rada = Rbdb
where a represents the left side of the fulcrum and b the right, R is resistance (weight) and d is the distance from the fulcrum.Solving for db, our missing value, and plugging in our variables yields:
db = \( \frac{R_ad_a}{R_b} \) = \( \frac{55 lbs. \times 3 ft.}{70 lbs.} \) = \( \frac{165 ft⋅lb}{70 lbs.} \) = 2.36 ft.
The watt is a unit of measurement for:
power
Electrical power is measured in watts (W) and is calculated by multiplying the voltage (V) applied to a circuit by the resulting current (I) that flows in the circuit: P = IV. In addition to measuring production capacity, power also measures the rate of energy consumption and many loads are rated for their consumption capacity. For example, a 60W lightbulb utilizes 60W of energy to produce the equivalent of 60W of heat and light energy.
A wedge is most similar to what other type of simple machine?
inclined plane
The wedge is a moving inclined plane that is used to lift, hold, or break apart an object. A wedge converts force applied to its blunt end into force perpendicular to its inclined surface. In contrast to a stationary plane where force is applied to the object being moved, with a wedge the object is stationary and the force is being applied to the plane. Examples of a wedge include knives and chisels.
An element in the physical state of __________ maintains a constant volume and shape.
solid
An element in a solid state has atoms or molecules that are constricted and do not move freely. Solids maintain a constant volume and shape and exist at a lower temperature than liquids or gases.
A __________ electric current produces a magnetic field proportional to the amount of current flow.
moving
A moving electric current produces a magnetic field proportional to the amount of current flow. This magnetic field can be made stronger by winding the wire into a coil and further enhanced if done around an iron containing (ferrous) core.
Cooks are needed to prepare for a large party. Each cook can bake either 5 large cakes or 20 small cakes per hour. The kitchen is available for 2 hours and 26 large cakes and 480 small cakes need to be baked.
How many cooks are required to bake the required number of cakes during the time the kitchen is available?
If a single cook can bake 5 large cakes per hour and the kitchen is available for 2 hours, a single cook can bake 5 x 2 = 10 large cakes during that time. 26 large cakes are needed for the party so \( \frac{26}{10} \) = 2\(\frac{3}{5}\) cooks are needed to bake the required number of large cakes.
If a single cook can bake 20 small cakes per hour and the kitchen is available for 2 hours, a single cook can bake 20 x 2 = 40 small cakes during that time. 480 small cakes are needed for the party so \( \frac{480}{40} \) = 12 cooks are needed to bake the required number of small cakes.
Because you can't employ a fractional cook, round the number of cooks needed for each type of cake up to the next whole number resulting in 3 + 12 = 15 cooks.
The heart __________ blood.
oxygenates
To provide oxygen to the body, blood flows through the heart in a path formed by the right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → body. When blood enters the right side of the heart it is deoxygenated. It enters the left side of the heart oxygenated after traveling to the lungs.
The principle of moments defines equilibrium in terms of:
torque
According to the principle of moments, you can maintain equilibrium if the moments (forces) tending to clockwise rotation are equal to the moments tending to counterclockwise rotation. Another name for these moments of force is torque.