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General Science

Heredity is the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one __________ to another.

generation

Heredity is the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. Heredity is made possible via large strings of chromosomes which carry information encoded in genes.

Electronics Information

If an electrical circuit is interrupted, which of the following will result?

open circuit

A closed circuit is a complete loop or path that electricity follows. It consists of a source of voltage, a load, and connective conductors. If the circuit is interrupted, if a wire is disconnected or cut for example, it becomes an open circuit and no electricity will flow.

General Science

Which of the following describes the Earth's outer core?

liquid

The Earth's core is divided into the liquid outer core (1,430 miles or 2,300 km radius) and the solid inner core (745 miles or 1,200 km radius).

Automotive Information

Engines with radial cylinder configurations are most common in:

aircraft engines

A radial arrangement places cylinders in a circle around the crankshaft and is used almost exclusively in aircraft engines.

Automotive Information

The right front wheel of your front-wheel drive car drops into a pothole and the left front wheel doesn't lose contact with the road. Which of the following is true?

your car has an independent front suspension

An independent suspension allows the wheels on either side of an axle to move independently from each other. The fact that the left front wheel didn't move up in response to the right front wheel moving down is evidence of this.

Automotive Information

For inline cylinder arrangements in an engine, how are the cylinders numbered?

sequentially from the front of the engine to the back

Inline cylinder arrangements number cylinders sequentially (1, 2, 3, ...) front to rear.

Automotive Information

Gases from combustion are pushed out through the exhaust valve as the piston travels up the cylinder to top dead center. This describes which engine stroke?

exhaust

During the exhaust stroke, just before the piston reaches bottom dead center the exhaust valve opens. The resulting gases from combustion are then pushed out through the exhaust valve as the piston travels up the cylinder to top dead center, completing stroke four of the four-stroke piston cycle.

General Science

Which of the following would be used in eye glasses to correct farsightedness?

convex lens

Unlike curved mirrors that operate on the principle of reflection, lenses utilize refraction. A convex lens is thicker in the middle than on the edges and converges light while a concave lens is thicker on the edges than in the middle and diffuses light. A common use for curved lenses is in eye glasses where a convex lens is used to correct farsightedness and a concave lens is used to correct nearsightedness.

Shop Information

Which of the following is the primary difference between pliers and pincers?

pliers squeeze, pincers cut or pull

Pincers provide a mechanical advantage that's used to cut, pinch or pull an object. The force applied to pincers is concentrated to a point or to an edge of the tool which allows pincers to be brought very close to a surface. Pincers are typically used for removing objects from a material to which they've previously been applied, for example, to pull nails from wood.

Mechanical Comprehension

A = 5 ft., the green box weighs 50 lbs., and the blue box weighs 80 lbs. What does distance B need to be for this lever to balance?

3.13 ft.

In order for this lever to balance, the torque acting on side A must equal the torque acting on side B. Torque is weight x distance from the fulcrum which means that the following must be true for the lever to balance:

f_Ad_A = f_Bd_B

For this problem, the equation becomes:

50 lbs. x 5 ft. = 80 lbs. x d_B

d_B = \( \frac{50 \times 5 ft⋅lb}{80 lbs.} \) = \( \frac{250 ft⋅lb}{80 lbs.} \) = 3.13 ft.