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Sample Practice Test Questions
The mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle is equal to the:
ratio of the diameters of the wheels
A wheel and axle uses two different diameter wheels mounted to a connecting axle. Force is applied to the larger wheel and large movements of this wheel result in small movements in the smaller wheel. Because a larger movement distance is being translated to a smaller distance, force is increased with a mechanical advantage equal to the ratio of the diameters of the wheels. An example of a wheel and axle is the steering wheel of a car.
In the heart, blood flows from the right __________ to the lungs then back to the heart via the left __________.
ventricle, atrium
The two largest veins in the body, the venae cavae, pass blood to the right ventricle which pumps the blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. Blood picks up oxygen in the lungs and returns it to the left atrium via the pulmonary vein.
If the green box weighs 55 lbs. and is 3 ft. from the fulcrum, how far from the fulcrum would a 70 lbs. weight need to be placed to balance the lever?
To balance this lever the torques on each side of the fulcrum must be equal. Torque is weight x distance from the fulcrum so the equation for equilibrium is:
Rada = Rbdb
where a represents the left side of the fulcrum and b the right, R is resistance (weight) and d is the distance from the fulcrum.Solving for db, our missing value, and plugging in our variables yields:
db = \( \frac{R_ad_a}{R_b} \) = \( \frac{55 lbs. \times 3 ft.}{70 lbs.} \) = \( \frac{165 ft⋅lb}{70 lbs.} \) = 2.36 ft.
Which of the following represents how much two materials resist sliding across each other?
coefficient of friction
Coefficient of friction (μ) represents how much two materials resist sliding across each other. Smooth surfaces like ice have low coefficients of friction while rough surfaces like concrete have high μ.
What part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary actions like breathing, swallowing, and heartbeat?
medulla
Part of the brainstem, the medulla is the connection between the brain and the spinal cord. It controls involuntary actions like breathing, swallowing, and heartbeat.